What’s the past tense of “shrink”?
The verb shrink has been a source of contention amongst grammarians. Most agree that the simple past tense is shrank, but is there a generally agreed upon past participle?
The short answer is both shrank or shrunk can be the simple past tense and past participle of shrink.
In UK English, shrunk is more commonly used as a past participle. Shrunken is its adjective form: can you grab my shrunken sweater from the closet?
How to conjugate shrink?
The verb shrink is defined by the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary as to, “to become smaller, or to make something smaller: Your sweater will shrink if you wash it at too high a temperature.“
Shrink is also a noun in English, with an entirely separate meaning, i.e., “a clinical psychologist, psychiatrist, or psychotherapist.” A shrink is an informal way to refer to a psychologist or therapist.
| present | past | future | |
| simple | I shrink | I shrank | I will shrink |
| continuous | I am shrinking | I was shrinking | I will be shrinking |
| perfect | I have shrunk | I had shrunk | I will have shrunk |
| perfect continuous | I have been shrinking | I had been shrinking | I will have been shrinking |
1. Shrink is in the present tense: Your sweater will shrink if you wash it at too high a temperature.
2. Shrank is the simple past: I shrank my sweater by putting it in the dryer!
3. Shrunk is the past participle: ‘You’ve shrunk more than your sweater from the dryer.’
Irregular verbs like “shrink”
See other verb forms that have 3 conjugations (like shrink/shrank/shrunk):
| base verb | past tense | past participle |
| stink | stank | stunk |
| shrink | shrank | shrunk |
| sing | sang | sung |
| sink | sank | sunk |
| ring | rang | rung |
| spring | sprang | sprung |
| drink | drank | drunk |
When to use shrank or shrunk
Past participle: ‘You’ve shrunk more than just your sweater from putting it in the dryer.’
The difference is in the past simple tense being a tense (slice of time) in which an action or event occurred and was completed. The past participle is a form of verb that does not, on its own, convey tense, and so uses a helping or auxiliary verb, such as had/have/has. Beyond that, the past participle forms the passive voice, and one of the perfect tenses. The perfect tense is a verb form that shows an action or state of being as complicated, but focuses more on the outcome or ‘resulting state rather than the occurrence itself.’
Examples of shrink in the present simple tense—
1. Your sweater will shrink if you wash it at too high a temperature.
2. Hungary may have to lower its hopes of shrinking its state sector.
3. The treatment should shrink the tumour.
4. She wanted to shrink away and hide.
5. Will this shirt shrink in the wash?
Examples of shrank in the past simple tense—
1. My sweater shrank in the wash.
2. He shrank the material and sank the boat.
3. The gloves have shrunk and no longer fit my hands!
4. The child shrank behind the sofa as his father shouted at him.
5. Their profits shrank by 4% last year.
Practice using the verb in different tenses with example sentences to memorize the correct forms.
Examples of the past participle shrunk—
2. The company’s profits have shrunk from $5.5 million to $1.25 million.
4. The internet in a sense has shrunk the world.
5. I accidentally put your jeans in the dryer and have shrunk them.
Synonyms of shrink
- lessen
- reduce
- decrease
- bring down
Origin of the word stink
From etymology online on shrink (v.):
Middle English shrinken, from Old English scrincan “to draw in the limbs, contract spontaneously, shrivel up; wither, from Proto-Germanic *skrink-.
Read more about verb conjugations!
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Learn more about verbs
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- What are verbs?
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- What’s the difference between they’re, their, and there?
- Whose vs who’s?
Sources
- Etymology online, origin of shrink.
- Definition of shrink.
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